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128
64
48
32 **

2

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has to develop an IP addressing scheme that uses the 192.168.1.0 /24 address space. The network that contains the serial link has already been addressed out of a separate range. Each network will be allocated the same number of host addresses. Which network mask will be appropriate to address the remaining networks?

255.255.255.248
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.192 **
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.252

3

Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has assigned the internetwork of LBMISS an address range of 192.168.10.0. This address range has been subnetted using a /29 mask. In order to accommodate a new building, the technician has decided to use the fifth subnet for configuring the new network (subnet zero is the first subnet). By company policies, the router interface is always assigned the first usable host address and the workgroup server is given the last usable host address. Which configuration should be entered into the workgroup server’s properties to allow connectivity to the network?

IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.39
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.240 default gateway: 192.168.10.33
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.33 **
IP address: 192.168.10.39 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.31
IP address: 192.168.10.254 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 default gateway: 192.168.10.1

4

Refer to the exhibit. Which network prefix will work with the IP addressing scheme shown in the graphic.

/24
/16
/20
/27 **
/25
/28

5

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator discovers that host A is having trouble with Internet connectivity, but the server farm has full connectivity. In addition, host A has full connectivity to the server farm. What is a possible cause of this problem?

The router has an incorrect gateway.
Host A has an overlapping network address.
Host A has an incorrect default gateway configured.
Host A has an incorrect subnet mask.
NAT is required for the host A network. **

6 What subnet mask would a network administrator assign to a network address of 172.30.1.0 if it were possible to have up to 254 hosts?

255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0 **
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

7 Given the IP address and subnet mask of 172.16.134.64 255.255.255.224, which of the following would describe this address?

This is a useable host address.
This is a broadcast address.
This is a network address. **
This is not a valid address.

8 What three facts are true about the network portion of an IPv4 address? (Choose three.)

identifies an individual device
is identical for all hosts in a broadcast domain**
is altered as packet is forwarded
varies in length **
is used to forward packets **
uses flat addressing

9 What is the network address of the host 172.25.67.99 /23 in binary?

10101100. 00011001.01000011.00000000
10101100. 00011001.01000011.11111111
10101100. 00011001.01000010.00000000 **
10101100. 00011001.01000010.01100011
10101100. 00010001.01000011. 01100010
10101100. 00011001.00000000.00000000

10 A router interface has been assigned an IP address of 172.16.192.166 with a mask of 255.255.255.248. To which subnet does the IP address belong?

172.16.0.0
172.16.192.0
172.16.192.128
172.16.192.160 **
172.16.192.168
172.16.192.176

11

Refer to the exhibit. Why would the response shown be displayed after issuing the command ping 127.0.0.1 on a PC?

The IP settings are not properly configured on the host.
Internet Protocol is not properly installed on the host. **
There is a problem at the physical or data link layer.
The default gateway device is not operating.
A router on the path to the destination host has gone down.

12 What two things will happen if a router receives an ICMP packet which has a TTL value of 1 and the destination host is several hops away? (Choose two.)

The router will discard the packet.**
The router will decrement the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
The router will send a time exceeded message to the source host. **
The router will increment the TTL value and forward the packet to the next router on the path to the destination host.
The router will send an ICMP Redirect Message to the source host.

13 Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is designing security rules for the 192.168.22.0 /24 network. Each security rule requires an address and mask pair to represent the machines that will be affected by the rule. Which two address and mask pairs will be the most precise way to reference the servers and hosts separately. (Choose two.)

192.168.22.40 255.255.255.248
192.168.22.40 255.255.255.252
192.168.22.100 255.255.255.128
192.168.22.100 255.255.255.254 **
192.168.22.1 255.255.255.192 **
192.168.22.101 255.255.255.224

14 Which of the following are features of IPv6? (Choose three.)

larger address space **
faster routing protocols
data types and classes of service **
authentication and encryption **
improved host naming conventions
same addressing scheme as IPv4

15 Which process do routers use to determine the subnet network address based upon a given IP address and subnet mask?

binary adding
hexadecimal anding
binary division
binary multiplication
binary ANDing **

16 What is the primary reason for development of IPv6?

security
header format simplification
expanded addressing capabilities **
addressing simplification

17 Which three IP addresses are private? (Choose three.)

172.168.33.1
10.35.66.70 **
192.168.99.5 **
172.18.88.90 **
192.33.55.89
172.35.16.5

18 Which statements are true regarding IP addressing? (Choose two.)

NAT translates public addresses to private addresses destined for the Internet.
Only one company is allowed to use a specific private network address space.
Private addresses are blocked from public Internet by router. **
Network 172.32.0.0 is part of the private address space.
IP address 127.0.0.1 can be used for a host to direct traffic to itself. **

19 Which IPv4 subnetted addresses represent valid host addresses? (Choose three.)

172.16.4.127 /26
172.16.4.155 /26 **
172.16.4.193 /26 **
172.16.4.95 /27
172.16.4.159 /27
172.16.4.207 /27 **

20 What is a group of hosts called that have identical bit patterns in the high order bits of their addresses?

an internet
a network **
an octet
a radi

21

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is connected to the LAN, but it cannot get access to any resources on the Internet. The configuration of the host is shown in the exhibit. What could be the cause of the problem?

The host subnet mask is incorrect.
The default gateway is a network address.
The default gateway is a broadcast address.
The default gateway is on a different subnet from the host. **

22 Which of the following network devices are recommended to be assigned static IP addresses? (Choose three.)

LAN workstations
servers **
network printers **
routers **
remote workstations
laptops

1 In an IPv4 environment, what information is used by the router to forward data packets from one interface of a router to another?

**destination network address
source network address
source MAC address
well known port destination address

2 What information is added during encapsulation at OSI Layer 3?

source and destination MAC
source and destination application protocol
source and destination port number
**source and destination IP address

3 In a connectionless system, which of the following is correct?

The destination is contacted before a packet is sent.
**The destination is not contacted before a packet is sent.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that indicates the packet was received.
The destination sends an acknowledgement to the source that requests the next packet to be sent.

4 Which IP packet field will prevent endless loops?

type-of-service
identification
flags
**time-to-live
header checksum

5 Which portion of the network layer address does a router use to forward packets?

host portion
broadcast address
**network portion
gateway address

6

Refer to the exhibit. Using the network in the exhibit, what would be the default gateway address for host A in the 192.133.219.0 network?

192.135.250.1
192.31.7.1
192.133.219.0
**192.133.219.1

7 If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?

The host is unable to communicate on the local network.
**The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks.
The host can communicate with other hosts on remote networks, but is unable to communicate with hosts on the local network.
There is no impact on communications.

8 What is the purpose of a default gateway?

physically connects a computer to a network
provides a permanent address to a computer
identifies the network to which a computer is connected
identifies the logical address of a networked computer and uniquely identifies it to the rest of the network
**identifies the device that allows local network computers to communicate with devices on other networks

9 What type of routing uses information that is manually entered into the routing table?

dynamic
interior
**static
standard

10 When the destination network is not listed in the routing table of a Cisco router, what are two possible actions that the router might take? (Choose two.)

The router sends an ARP request to determine the required next hop address.
**The router discards the packet.
The router forwards the packet toward the next hop indicated in the ARP table.
The router forwards the packet to the interface indicated by the source address.
**The router forwards the packet out the interface indicated by the default route entry.

11 What are the key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network? (Choose three.)

gateways
**purpose
physical addressing
software version
**geographic location
**ownership

12 What is a component of a routing table entry?

the MAC address of the interface of the router
the destination Layer 4 port number
the destination host address
**the next-hop address

13 Which intermediary devices could be used to implement security between networks? (Choose two.)

**router
hub
switch
**firewall
access point
bridge

14 What are three common problems with a large network? (Choose three.)

too few broadcasts
**performance degradation
**security issues
limited management responsibility
**host identification
protocol compatibility

15

Refer to the exhibit. All devices shown in the exhibit have factory default settings. How many broadcast domains are represented in the topology that is shown?

3
**4
5
7
8
11

16 Which three statements are true about routes and their use? (Choose three.)

If no route to the destination network is found, the packet is returned to the previous router.
**If the destination network is directly connected, the router forwards the packet to the destination host.
If multiple network entries exist for the destination network, the most general route is used to forward the packet.
**If no route exists for the destination network and a default route is present, the packet is forwarded to the next-hop router.
**If the originating host has a default gateway configured, the packet for a remote network can be forwarded using that route.
If a host does not have a route manually configured for the destination network, the host will drop the packet.

17

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is troubleshooting a connectivity problem and needs to determine the address that is used to forward network packets out the network. Using the netstat -r command, the administrator would identify which address as the address to which all hosts send packets that are destined for an outside network?

10.10.10.26
127.0.0.1
**10.10.10.6
10.10.10.1
224.0.0.0

18

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator notices that there are too many broadcasts on the network. What two steps can the network administrator take to resolve this problem? (Choose two.)

**Replace S2 with a router.
Place all servers on S1.
Disable TCP/IP broadcasts.
**Subnet the 192.168.0.0 /24 network.
Disable all unused interfaces on the switches.

19

Refer to the exhibit. The network in the exhibit is fully operational. What two statements correctly describe the routing for the topology that is shown? (Choose two.)

**192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
10.0.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 10.0.0.0 network.
192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R1 to route a packet from the 192.168.12.0 network to the 172.16.0.0 network.
172.16.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R3 to route a packet from the 10.0.0.0 to the 172.16.0.0 network.
**192.168.0.1 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.
192.168.0.2 is the next-hop address that is used by R2 to route a packet from the 172.16.0.0 network to the 192.168.12.0 network.

20 What two characteristics are commonly associated with dynamic routing protocols? (Choose two.)

require no device configuration
**provide routers with up-to-date routing tables
require less processing power than static routes require
**consume bandwidth to exchange route information
prevent manual configuration and maintenance of the routing table

21 What statement describes the purpose of a default route?

A host uses a default route to transfer data to another host on the same network segment.
A host uses a default route to forward data to the local switch as the next hop to all destinations.
A host uses a default route to identify the Layer 2 address of an end device on the local network.
**A host uses a default route to transfer data to a host outside the local network when no other route to the destination exists.

Ancak sabit uzunluklu alt ağ maskeleri çok sayıda IP adresini gereksiz harcayabilir. Örneğin, bir siteye ve 8.000 konak bilgisayara sahip bir kuruluşu ve sırasıyla 1.000, 400 ve 100 konak bilgisayara sahip üç başka konumu ele alalım. Sabit uzunluklu bir alt ağ maskesi kullanıldığında, her alt ağ maskesinin (yalnızca 100 adrese ihtiyaç duyan konuma atanan maskenin bile) en az 8.000 konak bilgisayarı desteklemesi gerekirdi.

Değişken uzunluklu alt ağ maskesi (VLSM) kullanmak, bu sorunu çözmeye yardımcı olur. VLSM adreslemesi, bir adres alanının çeşitli boyutlarda ağlara bölünmesine olanak verir. Bu, alt ağların alt ağlara bölünmesiyle gerçekleştirilir. Bunu gerçekleştirmek için günümüzde yönlendiricilerin ağın IP adresini içeren yönlendirme bilgilerini ve IP adresinin ağ bölümünü oluşturan bit sayısını belirten alt ağ maskesi bilgilerini alması gerekir. VLSM, geleneksel sınıflı alt ağa bölme işleminde gereksizce harcanacak binlerce IP adresinden tasarruf sağlar.

VLSM’ye ek olarak, RFC 1519′da Etki Alanları Arasında Sınıfsız Yönlendirme (CIDR) önerilmiş ve kabul edilmiştir. CIDR, yüksek değerli bitlerin değerine dayalı olarak ağ sınıflarını yok sayar. CIDR, ağları yalnızca ağ önekindeki bit sayısına dayalı olarak tanımlar ve bu da alt ağ maskesindeki 1′lerin sayısına karşılık gelir. CIDR gösterimi kullanılarak yazılmış bir IP adresine örnek olarak 172.16.1.1/16 verilebilir; burada /16, ağ önekindeki bit sayısını temsil eder.

CIDR protokolleri, yönlendiricileri ağ önekini belirlemek için yalnızca yüksek değerli bit’leri kullanmaktan kurtardı. Bu kısıtlamanın kaldırılması, kayıtlı IP adreslerini adres sınıfına göre tahsis etme zorunluluğunu da ortadan kaldırdı.

CIDR’den önce, 3.000 konak bilgisayar adresine ihtiyacı olan bir ISP, gereksinimlerini karşılamak için ya tam B Sınıfı adres alanı veya birden çok C Sınıfı ağ adresi istemek zorundaydı. B Sınıfı adres alanı kullandığında ISP binlerce kayıtlı adresi gereksiz harcardı. Birden çok C Sınıfı adres istediği zaman da ISP ağını hiçbir bölümünün 254′ten fazla konak bilgisayar adresine ihtiyaç duymayacağı biçimde tasarlamak güç olabilirdi. Birçok C Sınıfı adres içeren yönlendirme tabloları da fazla büyüyerek yönetmesi güç hale gelebilir.

CIDR, geleneksel adres sınıflarını yok sayarak, ISP’nin ihtiyaç duyduğu konak bilgisayar adresi sayısına bağlı olarak bir adres bloğu istemesine olanak verir. Bir grup C Sınıfı adresin tek bir büyük blok içinde birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulan süpernetler, adreslerin daha verimli bir şekilde atanmasına olanak verir. 192.168.0.0/19, bir süpernet örneğidir. IP adresinin ilk 19 bitini ağ öneki için kullanmak, bu süpernetin 8.190 olası konak bilgisayar adresi içermesini sağlar. Bir ISP, bir süperneti tek bir büyük ağ olarak kullanabilir veya gereksinimlerini karşılamak için istediği sayıda daha küçük ağa bölebilir.

Bu örnekte, özel C Sınıfı adresi olan 192.168.0.0 süperneti kullanılmaktadır. Gerçekte özel adresleme kullanan ağların çoğu, A veya B Sınıfı ayrılmış adresleri ve alt ağa bölme işlemini kullanır. Sınıflı adresleme ve sabit uzunluklu alt ağ maske kullanımı artık pek yaygın olmasa da, bu adresleme yöntemlerinin nasıl işlediğini anlamak önemlidir. Özel bir alt ağ maskesi belirlenmediği sürece birçok cihaz hâlâ varsayılan alt ağ maskesini kullanmaktadır.

Ek bilgi ;

CIDR (RFC 1519) Aşağıdakileri sağlar;

. IPv6 adres alanının daha verimli kullanılmasını sağlar.

.öneklerin birleştirilmesi ile yönlendirme tablolarının boyutunun azaltılması

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